Learn how your robot can recieve inputs, understand its surroundings and use those inputs to do something.
Note
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Sensors
"observe things" and generate electrical signals based on what they detect
Sensors are inputs for the robot to give it directions or awareness of its surroundings. Sensors detect and respond to their physical environment. This input can be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure or any number of other environmental variables. You could include cameras, buttons and radio control as sensors as well.
Actuators
"do things" in response to electrical signals
Actuators, on the other hand, are outputs. They can be motors and solenoids which convert electrical energy into physical motion, or they can simply be a LED, sound/audio or console log to the terminal.